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Irish men descended from Turkish farmers
A new study claims that Irish men descended from Turkish farmers

This Irish sheep farmer has a good chance of getting lucky in love at this year's Matchmaking Festival in Ireland A new study has revealed that many Irish men may be able to trace their roots back to Turkey. Focusing on the role of the Y chromosome, which is passed from father to son, the research indicates Turkish farmers arrived in Ireland about 6,000 years ago, bringing agriculture with them. And they may have been more attractive than the hunter-gatherers whom they replaced.

The genetic patterns for Irish females differ from those of men. “Most maternal genetic lineages seem to descend from hunter-gatherers,” an author of the study, Patricia Balaresque, told the London Times. “To us, this suggests a reproductive advantage for farming males over indigenous hunter-gatherer males during the switch to farming.

“Maybe, it was just sexier to be a farmer,” she added.

Eighty-five per cent of Irish men are descended from farming people from the Middle East and especially Turkey, according to the research that was conducted by scientists at the University of Leicester.

The switch from hunting and gathering to farming was a crucial one in human development. Increased food production meant that populations were able to grow.

In Britain, 60-65 per cent of the population has the Turkish genetic pattern, while in parts of the Iberian Peninsula it’s almost as the same as in Ireland.  The research contradicts what was previously thought about Irish genealogy – that hunter-gatherers from Spain and Portugal who survived the Ice Age were our main genetic ancestors.

“This particular kind of Y chromosome follows a gradient, gradually increasing in frequency from Turkey and the southeast of Europe to Ireland, where it reaches its highest frequency,” Mark Jobling from the University of Leicester told the Times.

We are saying that most of that original hunter-gatherer male population in Ireland was probably replaced by incoming agricultural populations,” he added.

http://www.irishcentral.com/news/New-study-claims-that-Irishmen-descended-from-Turkish-farmers-83217437.html

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http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ireland/article7009643.ece

From The Sunday Times
January 31, 2010

Turkish farmers ‘fathered the Irish’

Jan Battles

Iron age agriculture

The majority of Irish men are descended from farmers who came to the country 6,000 years ago, not from an older line of hunter-gatherers as previously believed, a study has found.Researchers at Britain’s University of Leicester have discovered that 85% of Irish males are descendants of farmers who migrated to the country from Turkey and surrounding Mediterranean areas, bringing agriculture with them.

The information contradicts previous theories that suggested the primary genetic legacy of Irish males is from hunter-gatherers who survived in Spain and Portugal during the last Ice Age.

The researchers also found a different pattern in female genetic material, suggesting the farmers, when they arrived in Ireland, appealed to women more than the indigenous hunter-gatherers.

Patricia Balaresque, first author of the study, said: “Most maternal genetic lineages seem to descend from hunter-gatherers. To us, this suggests a reproductive advantage for farming males over indigenous hunter-gatherer males during the switch to farming. Maybe, it was just sexier to be a farmer.”

The study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, examined the diversity of the Y chromosome, which is passed from father to son. It focused on the most common lineage in Europe, which it found to be present in 85% of Irish men.

The authors used different lines of evidence to shape the latest theory: the pattern of distribution of the chromosome’s lineage in men, the diversity within it, and estimates of its age.

These all suggested that the lineage spread with farming from the Near East. Jobling said: “This particular kind of Y chromosome follows a gradient, gradually increasing in frequency from Turkey and the southeast of Europe to Ireland, where it reaches its highest frequency.”

In Britain, the lineage trait is in 60%-65% of the population, and in parts of the Iberian peninsula it’s almost as high as in Ireland.

“We are saying that most of that original hunter-gatherer male population in Ireland was probably replaced by incoming agricultural populations,” said Jobling.

The invention of farming was perhaps the most important cultural change in the history of modern humans.

Increased food production led to the development of societies that stayed put, rather than wandering in search of food. This led to population explosions.

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Avrupalı erkeklerin kökeni Anadoluymuş


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İngiltere’de Leicester Üniversitesi tarafından gerçekleştirilen bir gen araştırması, Avrupalı erkeklerin büyük bir bölümünün Anadolu’dan geldiğini ortaya çıkardı.

Erkeklerin Y kromozomları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen araştırma, bugünkü Avrupalı erkeklerin, 10 bin yıl önce Anadolu ve Ortadoğu’dan Avrupa’ya gelen ilk çiftçilerin torunları olduğunu gösterdi.

The Independent gazetesinin haberine göre, Leicester Üniversitesi bilimadamları, yaklaşık 110 milyon Avrupalı erkekte bulunan R1b1b2 haplogrubu adı verilen Y kromozomu silsilesinin tekrarlama miktarını inceledi.

Erkek cinsiyetini belirleyen Y kromozomu babalardan oğullara geçiyor. Erkekler bir X ve bir Y kromozomu taşırken, kadınlarda iki X kromozomu bulunuyor.

Araştırmacılar bu çerçevede, İrlanda’dan Türkiye’ye kadar erkeklerden toplanan DNA veritabanlarını inceleyerek, kıtanınfarklı bölgelerinde silsilenin ne kadar sıklıkla tekrarladığını araştırdı. Araştırma sonucunda, silsilenin Anadolu ve Ortadoğu’da oldukça az olduğu, kuzeybatı Avrupa’da ise çok yaygın olduğu ve İrlanda’da yüzde yüze kadar ulaştığı ortaya çıktı. Bilimadamlarına göre bu da, silsilenin Anadolu ile Ortadoğu’daki Verimli Ay denilen bölgeye dayandığını gösterdi.

İngiliz araştırmacılar, buradan yola çıkarak erkek genlerinin Avrupa’ya Anadolu’lu çifçiler aracılığıyl taşındığı sonucuna vardı.

The Independent, çiftçilik tekniklerinin Avrupa’da avcılık ve toplayıcılıkla geçinen topluluklara, Anadolu ve Mezopotamya’dan geçtiği yolundaki tarih tezlerini doğruladığını yazdı.

Leicester’deki araştırmayı gerçekleştiren bilimadamlarından Patricia Balaresque, çıkan sonuçlara göre, Avrupa’daki Y kromozomlarının yüzde 80’inin Anadolu’lu çiftçilerden geldiğini söyledi. Balaresque, anneden çocuğüa geçen mitokondrial DNA’lar üzerinde yapılan arıştırmanın, kadın genlerinin ise ağırlıkla avcı-toplayıcı topluluklardan geldiğini gösterdiğini bildirdi.

İngiliz araştırmacı, buradan yola çıkarak, çiftçi erkeklerin, avcı-toplayıcı erkeklere baskın gelerek onların yerini aldıkları sonucuna varıldığını bildirdi

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